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Steel

Is it possible to imagine a world without steel? No, steel is one of the essential materials in our society and we encounter it every day, whether as a paper clip, means of transportation or skyscrapers. The period of mass steel production began in the mid-19th century with developments from Bessemer, Thomas and Siemens - Martin. The advantage of pure oxygen for refining was already known at that time, but only became technically manageable 100 years later. Steel producers, research institutes and suppliers are working worldwide to improve product properties and manufacturing. Steel is made from iron ore or scrap.

Scrap Ore Additives Blast furnace Smelting reduction Direct reduction Torpedo preheating Converter Electric arc furnace Secondary metallurgy Ladle preheating Tundish preheating Continuous casting Ingot casting Ingot preheating Electroslag remelting Continuous reheating Discontinuous reheating Rolling, forging, etc.